Category: Updates

What is paraformaldehyde?

Paraformaldehyde (PFA) is a polymer of formaldehyde. Paraformaldehyde itself is not a fixing agent, and needs to be broken down into its basic building b...

Do all bacteria have a capsule?

Capsule (also known as K antigen) is a major virulence factor of bacteria, e.g. all of the principal pathogens which cause pneumonia and meningitis, incl...